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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
Large Intestine01:09

Large Intestine

The large intestine is divided into three main regions: the cecum, colon, and rectum. Extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus, it frames the small intestine on three sides.
The ileocecal sphincter, a mucous membrane fold, guards the opening from the ileum to the large intestine. This valve permits material from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine. Attached to the ileocecal valve is the cecum. This small pouch, approximately 6 cm long, has a twisted, coiled tube known as...
Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
Diverticular Disease of the Colon01:27

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer
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Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer

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Piles and rectoceles.

J H Heslop1

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery
|December 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Occult rectoceles, asymptomatic pelvic floor disorders, can cause piles in women. Surgical correction of the rectocele, alongside or instead of pile surgery, improves defecation and resolves symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Colorectal Surgery
  • Gynecologic Surgery
  • Pelvic Floor Disorders

Background:

  • Symptomatic rectocele is a known contributor to hemorrhoid (pile) formation in female patients.
  • A subset of women with piles have occult rectoceles that are asymptomatic and not detected during routine examination.
  • These patients are often multiparous with perineal damage from childbirth (episiotomy or laceration).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a subset of women with occult rectoceles presenting with symptoms of piles.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and treatment outcomes for these patients.

Main Methods:

  • Case history including preoperative straining at stool.
  • Physical examination revealing anterior rectal wall pressure (spinnaker deformity) and a deficient, scarred perineum.

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  • Review of 15 patients treated over 4 years with various surgical approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Patients presented with symptoms of piles, often experiencing difficult defecation post-pile surgery.
    • Diagnostic findings included occult rectocele and perineal damage.
    • Treatment involved pile surgery, colpoperineorrhaphy, or a combination, with surgical correction of the rectocele being a key component.

    Conclusions:

    • Occult rectoceles can be an underlying cause of symptomatic piles in multiparous women with perineal damage.
    • Failure to address the occult rectocele can lead to persistent defecation difficulties even after pile surgery.
    • Surgical correction of the rectocele, often combined with colpoperineorrhaphy, is crucial for successful management.