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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Burn Injuries01:22

Burn Injuries

Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2026

Direct Mouse Trauma/Burn Model of Heterotopic Ossification
07:01

Direct Mouse Trauma/Burn Model of Heterotopic Ossification

Published on: August 6, 2015

Heterotopic periarticular ossification in burns.

J H Heslop

    Burns, Including Thermal Injury
    |July 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study discusses heterotopic ossification, a rare burn complication. It suggests that aggressive physiotherapy and nutritional support contribute to abnormal bone formation, advocating for early surgical intervention.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Burn Management
    • Metabolic Bone Disease

    Background:

    • Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a rare complication following severe burn injuries.
    • Traditionally, enthusiastic physiotherapy and associated bleeding were considered primary causes.
    • Recent research suggests multifactorial etiologies.

    Observation:

    • Increased protein intake in nutritional support regimes can induce a calciuretic response in burn patients.
    • Elevated calcium levels, resulting from injury, immobility, and iatrogenic factors, may precipitate HO.
    • HO in burn patients characteristically presents in a periarticular location, unlike heterotopic ossification in muscle post-other injuries.

    Findings:

    • The pathogenesis involves iatrogenic calcium mobilization and elevated calcium levels from injury and bed rest.

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    Direct Mouse Trauma/Burn Model of Heterotopic Ossification
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    Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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  • Periarticular HO is a distinct characteristic in burn complications compared to intramuscular HO in other trauma.
  • Spontaneous resolution is possible but not the norm.

    • Implications:

    • Early surgical excision of heterotopic ossification is recommended over delayed intervention.
    • Understanding the metabolic and iatrogenic factors is crucial for preventing and managing this complication.
    • This highlights the need for careful physiotherapy and nutritional management in burn care.