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Comparative genomics reveals environmental adaptation differences between Cronobacter species.

Xue Qin1, Hao Wang2, Chao Miao1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.

Food Research International (Ottawa, Ont.)
|August 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Genomic analysis of Cronobacter reveals significant genetic diversity, identifying core and strain-specific genes. This study enhances understanding of virulence, antibiotic resistance, and adaptation in this opportunistic foodborne pathogen.

Keywords:
Comparative genomicsCronobacter speciesEnvironmental adaptationSpeciation

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Food Safety

Background:

  • Cronobacter is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen with high genetic diversity.
  • It can adapt to various environments, posing a public health risk.
  • Understanding its genetic makeup is crucial for controlling its spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform a whole-genome comparative analysis of the genus Cronobacter.
  • To characterize genetic variations related to virulence, drug resistance, and horizontal gene transfer.
  • To elucidate ecological functions, speciation, and adaptation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome comparative analysis of 27 Cronobacter genomes.
  • Clustering of 110,010 protein-coding genes into core, dispensable, and strain-specific genes.
  • Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) and antibiotic resistance ontology (ARO) analysis.
  • Identification of genomic islands (GIs) and type VI secretion system gene clusters.

Main Results:

  • 11,262 gene clusters identified: 2637 core, 4814 strain-specific, 3811 dispensable.
  • Core genes primarily involved in substrate transport and metabolism (97.35%).
  • 136 antibiotic resistance ontologies (AROs) identified.
  • 80 genomic islands (GIs) detected, including type VI secretion systems, likely acquired via horizontal gene transfer.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive genomic characterization of Cronobacter provides insights into its adaptability and pathogenicity.
  • Horizontal gene transfer plays a significant role in the evolution of Cronobacter.
  • Findings contribute to a better understanding of Cronobacter's ecological roles and public health implications.