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Related Concept Videos

Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

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Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
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In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

A Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer
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Capturing cancer evolution using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs).

William Hill1, Deborah R Caswell1, Charles Swanton2

  • 1Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.

Trends in Cell Biology
|August 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer evolves through clonal heterogeneity, influenced by various forces. New genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) now better reflect human tumor diversity, aiding the study of cancer evolution mechanisms.

Keywords:
cancer evolutionmouse modelstumor heterogeneity

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Generation of Tumor Organoids from Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer
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Generation of Tumor Organoids from Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Cancer progresses via clonal evolution, resulting in significant intratumor heterogeneity (ITH).
  • Genetic diversity within tumors is shaped by internal and external factors.
  • Preclinical mouse models are crucial for understanding cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the historical lack of genetic diversity in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) compared to human tumors.
  • To leverage advances in sequencing and understanding of genetic instability to create improved mouse models.
  • To provide a platform for functionally exploring the mechanisms driving tumor evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Development of novel genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs).
  • Incorporation of genetic diversity reflecting human tumor evolution drivers.
  • Utilizing advanced sequencing technologies.

Main Results:

  • New GEMMs exhibit greater genetic diversity, more closely mimicking human tumors.
  • These models allow for functional exploration of tumor evolution mechanisms.
  • Enhanced understanding of how exogenous and endogenous forces shape tumor composition.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced GEMMs are essential tools for studying cancer's complex evolutionary dynamics.
  • These models facilitate research into the drivers of genetic instability and ITH.
  • Improved mouse models enhance our ability to investigate cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.