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Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Establishment of an Extracellular Acidic pH Culture System
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Lactic acid in tumor invasion.

Dun Niu1, Ting Luo1, Hanbin Wang1

  • 1Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|August 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Lactic acid, a byproduct of tumor cell metabolism, plays a key role in cancer invasion by regulating basement membrane remodeling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Understanding these mechanisms can offer new therapeutic strategies for metastatic cancer.

Keywords:
Basement membrane remodelingEpithelial-mesenchymal transitionLactic acidTumor invasion

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Metabolism
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Tumor invasion and metastasis are critical hallmarks of cancer progression.
  • Invasive tumor cells exhibit altered metabolism, including enhanced aerobic glycolysis, producing lactic acid.
  • The precise role of lactic acid in tumor invasion remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of lactic acid in tumor invasion.
  • To summarize the molecular mechanisms by which lactic acid influences basement membrane remodeling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
  • To provide insights into potential therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies investigating lactic acid in cancer.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways regulated by lactic acid.
  • Synthesis of information on basement membrane remodeling and EMT in cancer invasion.

Main Results:

  • Lactic acid influences the degradation of collagen IV, collagen VII, and glycoproteins.
  • Lactic acid promotes the synthesis of collagen I.
  • Lactic acid modulates key signaling pathways (TGF-β/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin, IL-6/STAT3, HGF/MET) involved in invasion.

Conclusions:

  • Lactic acid is an emerging regulator of tumor invasion.
  • It impacts critical processes like basement membrane remodeling and EMT through various molecular mechanisms.
  • Targeting lactic acid metabolism or its downstream effects may offer novel anti-metastatic strategies.