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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

538
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
538
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

424
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
424
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

690
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
690
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

245
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
245
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

274
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
274

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Miliary brain tuberculosis in an infant.

Le Anh Duc1,2, Doan-Van Ngoc3,4, Nguyen Ngoc Trung5

  • 1Departement of Radiology, Thai Nguyen Intenational Hospital, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam.

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Miliary tuberculosis is a rare and severe form of central nervous system tuberculosis. This case highlights the rapid progression and high mortality rate of miliary tuberculosis in infants.

Keywords:
Brain tuberculosisCentral nervous systemChildrenMiliary tuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health challenge, particularly in developing nations.
  • Central nervous system (CNS) TB, often secondary to pulmonary TB, carries a high mortality rate.
  • Miliary tuberculosis is a disseminated form of TB, presenting a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Observation:

  • A 3-month-old boy presented with prolonged fever, breathlessness, cyanosis, seizures, and coma.
  • Imaging revealed pulmonary miliary tuberculosis with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and characteristic brain lesions.
  • Diagnostic confirmation was achieved through PCR on cerebrospinal fluid and sputum.

Findings:

  • The infant's clinical presentation and diagnostic workup were consistent with miliary tuberculosis affecting the CNS.
  • Despite prompt diagnosis, the disease progressed rapidly.
  • The patient succumbed to the illness one month post-diagnosis.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the critical need for early recognition and aggressive management of CNS TB in infants.
  • It highlights the diagnostic utility of advanced imaging and molecular techniques in pediatric TB.
  • The case emphasizes the persistent threat and poor prognosis associated with disseminated TB in immunocompromised populations.