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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Electrolyte/Structure-Dependent Cocktail Mediation Enabling High-Rate/Low-Plateau Metal Sulfide Anodes for Sodium

Yongchao Tang1,2, Yue Wei3, Anthony F Hollenkamp4

  • 1State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.

Nano-Micro Letters
|August 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel carbon nanotubes-stringed metal sulfides superstructure (CSC) for sodium-ion batteries, overcoming low-rate and high-plateau issues. The CSC anode achieves high rate and low plateau performance, enhancing battery applications.

Keywords:
Cocktail mediation effectMetal sulfide anodeRate capabilitySodium-ion batteriesVoltage plateau

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Metal sulfides are promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries but suffer from low-rate and high-plateau issues, limiting their use in full cells.
  • Existing metal sulfide anodes exhibit intrinsic drawbacks that hinder their overall performance and application potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel metal sulfide superstructure that overcomes the limitations of individual metal sulfides for sodium-ion battery anodes.
  • To investigate the 'cocktail mediation effect' in an ether-based electrolyte for enhanced electrochemical performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-stringed metal sulfides superstructure (CSC) using nano-dispersed SnS2 and CoS2 phases.
  • Electrochemical testing of the CSC anode in half-cells and a full-cell configuration (CSC//Na1.5VPO4.8F0.7) using an ether-based electrolyte.
  • Kinetics analysis and mechanism studies to understand the charge transfer and ionic diffusion enhancements.

Main Results:

  • The CSC anode demonstrated ultrahigh-rate capability (327.6 mAh g-1 anode at 20 A g-1) and a significantly lowered average charge voltage (ca. 0.62 V).
  • The CSC//Na1.5VPO4.8F0.7 full-cell exhibited good rate capability and a high average discharge voltage (2.57 V).
  • The 'cocktail-like mediation effect' was verified to boost charge transfer and ionic diffusion, attributed to alternative and complementary electrochemical processes between SnS2 and CoS2 phases.

Conclusions:

  • The CSC anode effectively overcomes the intrinsic drawbacks of SnS2 and CoS2, achieving both high rate and low plateau performance.
  • The electrolyte/structure-dependent 'cocktail-like mediation effect' significantly enhances the practicability of metal sulfide anodes.
  • This approach paves the way for developing high-rate and high-voltage sodium-ion full batteries.