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Related Concept Videos

The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
What is an Electrochemical Gradient?01:26

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?

Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an ion’s...
Schottky Barrier Diode01:27

Schottky Barrier Diode

Schottky barrier diodes are specialized semiconductor devices characterized by their unique construction. This construction involves combining a metal layer with a moderately doped n-type semiconductor material. This combination leads to the formation of a Schottky barrier, a pivotal element that defines the diode's operational characteristics. The core functionality of Schottky barrier diodes is their capacity to allow current to flow in only one direction due to their distinctive...
Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
Types of Reversible Electrodes01:24

Types of Reversible Electrodes

For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...
Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
In Schottky junctions, where the semiconductor is n-type, applying a positive voltage to the metal relative to the semiconductor reduces its Fermi...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating
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Electrolyte-Regulated Epitaxial-Like Gradient Interface for Stable 4.8 V LiCoO2.

Qi Xiong1,2, Zhuo Li1,3, Yeyang Jia1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new protective layer to stabilize high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide cathodes. This breakthrough enables higher energy density batteries by preventing structural failure at ultrahigh voltages.

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In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy
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In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 12, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Increasing energy density in lithium-ion batteries requires pushing cathode materials like lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) to higher operating voltages.
  • Interfacial instability of LiCoO2 at ultrahigh voltages (>4.6 V) leads to structural degradation and limits performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a stable cathode-electrolyte interphase for ultra-high-voltage LiCoO2 operation.
  • To enhance the energy density and cycling stability of LiCoO2-based batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Developing a fluorine-rich lithium salt to form an epitaxial-like gradient protective layer.
  • Utilizing LiCoO2 at an ultrahigh cutoff voltage of 4.8 V.
  • Characterizing the protective layer and battery performance through electrochemical testing and structural analysis.

Main Results:

  • LiCoO2 demonstrated excellent cycling stability at 4.8 V, achieving 251 mAh g-1 (91.7% of theoretical capacity) over 220 cycles.
  • A 6.82 Ah pouch cell delivered a specific energy of 557 Wh kg-1 with 85.2% capacity retention after 60 cycles.
  • The study elucidated the salt anion decomposition mechanism and the atomic structure of the gradient interface.

Conclusions:

  • An epitaxial-like gradient interface effectively stabilizes ultra-high-voltage LiCoO2 cathodes.
  • The proposed strategy offers a pathway for designing advanced electrolyte components and interfacial layers for next-generation high-energy-density batteries.