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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Generation of iPSC-derived Human Brain Organoids to Model Early Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Generation of iPSC-derived Human Brain Organoids to Model Early Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Published on: April 14, 2017

Human brain organoids assemble functionally integrated bilateral optic vesicles.

Elke Gabriel¹, Walid Albanna², Giovanni Pasquini³

¹Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.

|August 18, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human brain organoids self-assemble into primitive optic vesicles, demonstrating cellular diversity and light-sensitive functionality. These findings offer new insights into early eye development and potential for interorgan studies.

Keywords:

FOXG1 OVB-organoids brain organoids forebrain organoids iPSCs optic vesicles primary cilium primordial eye fields retinal pigment epithelium

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Last Updated: Oct 23, 2025

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Published on: April 14, 2017

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Generation of Standardized and Reproducible Forebrain-type Cerebral Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Generation of Standardized and Reproducible Forebrain-type Cerebral Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: January 23, 2018

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Neuroscience
Stem Cell Biology

Background:

Optic vesicles form from the diencephalon during embryogenesis through complex organogenesis.
Studying early eye development in humans presents significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the self-organization of optic vesicles using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoids.
To characterize the cellular composition and functional capabilities of these developing optic structures.

Main Methods:

Generation of human brain organoids from iPSCs.
Observation and analysis of optic vesicle formation and cellular differentiation within organoids over 60 days.
Assessment of photosensitive activity and neuronal network function.

Main Results:

Brain organoids spontaneously formed bilateral optic vesicles around day 30, with visible development by day 60.
These organoids contained diverse cell types, including primitive corneal and lens cells, retinal pigment epithelia, retinal progenitor cells, and neuronal networks.
Optic vesicle-containing brain organoids exhibited light-sensitive activity and functional neuronal networks.

Conclusions:

Human iPSC-derived brain organoids possess the intrinsic ability to self-organize primitive sensory structures, mimicking early eye development.
These organoids provide a novel model for studying optic vesicle development, cellular interactions, and sensory function within a single, self-contained system.