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Autonomic neuropathy in leprosy.

A Ramachandran1, P N Neelan

  • 1Central Leprosy Teaching & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu-India.

Indian Journal of Leprosy
|July 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Leprosy patients show significant autonomic neuropathy affecting cardiovascular and genital systems. Parasympathetic damage is common and often precedes sympathetic involvement, worsening with disease duration.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research

Background:

  • Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease, can lead to various complications.
  • Autonomic neuropathy is a known complication in several chronic conditions, including diabetes mellitus.
  • The specific impact of leprosy on autonomic functions, particularly cardiovascular and genital systems, requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of autonomic neuropathy in patients with borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy.
  • To assess the involvement of both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems in leprosy patients.
  • To correlate the severity of autonomic neuropathy with the duration of leprosy.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 21 patients with borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy, excluding those with pre-existing autonomic disorders.
  • Autonomic function tests were performed, focusing on cardiovascular and genital system functions.
  • Five healthy volunteers served as a control group for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Autonomic function tests revealed definite involvement of the cardiovascular and genital systems in leprosy patients.
  • The incidence of autonomic neuropathy ranged from 14.3% to 57% across various tests.
  • Parasympathetic (vagus nerve) involvement was observed to be early and more frequent than sympathetic damage.
  • Sympathetic damage was consistently associated with parasympathetic damage.
  • A higher severity of autonomic neuropathy was noted in patients with longer leprosy duration.

Conclusions:

  • Autonomic neuropathy is a significant and common complication in leprosy, comparable to its prevalence in diabetes mellitus.
  • Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are affected, with early and more frequent parasympathetic dysfunction.
  • The duration of leprosy is a key factor influencing the severity of autonomic neuropathy.

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