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Clinical form of asthma and vaccine immunity in preschoolers

Anna Bednarek1, Anna Bodajko-Grochowska2, Robert Klepacz3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.

Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii
|August 19, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Children with moderate asthma may have reduced vaccine immunity to hepatitis B and rubella. Mild asthma did not significantly impact antibody levels for most childhood vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Childhood Chronic Diseases

Background:

  • Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition in children, often exacerbated by allergies and infections.
  • Understanding the long-term effects of asthma on vaccine-induced immunity is crucial for public health.
  • Preschoolers represent a key age group for assessing the impact of chronic conditions on established vaccination schedules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate how the clinical severity of asthma influences vaccine immunity in preschoolers.
  • To assess antibody levels three years post-completion of the mandatory vaccination program.
  • To determine if asthma's clinical presentation affects the durability of vaccine-induced protection.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 172 newly diagnosed preschool children with asthma (140 mild, 32 moderate) was studied.
  • Vaccine immunity (IgG-specific antibody levels) was measured after primary vaccination series.
  • Children received either monovalent (HBV, IPV, Hib) + DTwP + MMR or DTaP + IPV + Hib + HBV + MMR vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Children with mild asthma received vaccinations more consistently on time.
  • Antibody levels for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Hib, and mumps were not significantly different between asthma severity groups.
  • Higher antibody levels against hepatitis B and rubella were observed in children with mild asthma compared to those with moderate asthma.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate asthma may negatively affect long-term vaccine immunity to hepatitis B and rubella.
  • The type of vaccine (monovalent vs. combined) did not significantly influence asthma's clinical form or vaccine immunity.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind reduced immunity in moderate asthma.
Abstract

Keywords:
asthmachildrenvaccine immunity

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