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Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

29
Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport

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Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

488
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
488
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

553
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier
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Transdermal Delivery of Macromolecules Using Nano Lipid Carriers.

Sana Kalave1, Bappaditya Chatterjee1, Parth Shah1

  • 1SVKM's NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Mumbai, India.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|August 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Nanostructured lipid carriers offer a promising approach for transdermal drug delivery, overcoming skin barrier limitations for macromolecules. This review explores their mechanisms and clinical potential for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords:
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs)cutaneous deliveryfollicular deliverylaser ablationmacromolecule.microfabricated needlespenetration enhancers

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Nanotechnology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • The skin's stratum corneum presents a significant barrier to transdermal drug delivery, particularly for macromolecules.
  • Conventional transdermal delivery favors small molecules obeying Lipinski's rule, limiting therapeutic options for larger drug entities.
  • Existing advanced techniques like electroporation and ultrasound show promise but may cause irreversible skin damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as a transdermal delivery system for macromolecules.
  • To elucidate the concepts, mechanisms, and applications of NLCs in overcoming skin barrier challenges.
  • To present the clinical perspective and potential of NLCs for enhanced transdermal therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on lipid-based nanoparticles for transdermal delivery.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which Nanostructured Lipid Carriers facilitate macromolecule transport across the stratum corneum.
  • Evaluation of reported applications and clinical studies involving NLCs for transdermal drug delivery.

Main Results:

  • Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) are key lipid-based formulations investigated for transdermal delivery.
  • NLCs demonstrate potential in enhancing the transdermal transport of macromolecules, offering an alternative to physical methods.
  • Various studies highlight the improved delivery rates and therapeutic efficacy achievable with NLC-based systems.

Conclusions:

  • Nanostructured Lipid Carriers represent a viable and advanced strategy for overcoming the skin's barrier limitations in transdermal drug delivery.
  • NLCs offer a potentially safer alternative to physical enhancement techniques, minimizing the risk of skin damage.
  • Further clinical investigation is warranted to fully realize the therapeutic potential of NLCs for macromolecule delivery.