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Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
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Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
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A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
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Calorimeters are useful to determine the heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction. Coffee cup calorimeters are designed to operate at constant (atmospheric) pressure and are convenient to measure heat flow (or enthalpy change) accompanying processes that occur in solution at constant pressure. A different type of calorimeter that operates at constant volume, colloquially known as a bomb calorimeter, is used to measure the energy produced by reactions that yield large amounts of heat and...
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Diamond quantum thermometry: from foundations to applications.

Masazumi Fujiwara1,2, Yutaka Shikano3,4,5,6

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.

Nanotechnology
|August 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diamond quantum thermometry uses diamond defects for ultra-precise temperature sensing. This robust quantum sensing method works across wide temperature ranges and scales, finding use in electronics and biology.

Keywords:
diamondmagnetometryquantum sensortemperaturethermometerthermometry

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum sensing
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Diamond quantum thermometry leverages spin properties of defect centers in diamonds for highly precise temperature measurements.
  • It offers advantages over existing nanothermometry, including a broad operational temperature range and versatile spatial scales (nanometers to micrometers).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles of diamond quantum thermometry, covering both spin-based and all-optical approaches.
  • To discuss advancements in diamond material development for thermometry applications.
  • To highlight key applications in electronics and biology requiring nanoscale temperature analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of operational principles for spin-based and all-optical diamond quantum thermometry.
  • Analysis of diamond material engineering for enhanced thermometry performance.
  • Case studies of applications in electrical and biological systems.

Main Results:

  • Diamond quantum thermometry provides ultrahigh precision and robustness.
  • The technique is adaptable to various temperature ranges and sensor sizes.
  • Successful implementations are demonstrated in electronics and biological research.

Conclusions:

  • Diamond quantum thermometry is a powerful quantum sensing tool with broad applicability.
  • Material science innovations are crucial for advancing diamond-based thermometry.
  • Nanoscale temperature measurements using diamond sensors are transforming electronics and biology.