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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Characterizing miRNA-lncRNA Interplay.

Dimitra Karagkouni1,2, Anna Karavangeli3,4, Maria D Paraskevopoulou3

  • 1DIANA-Lab, Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece. dkaragkouni@uth.gr.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the interactions between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), exploring how these noncoding RNAs regulate gene expression. Methodologies are provided to analyze these crucial RNA interactions in biological systems.

Keywords:
AGO-CLIP-SeqDegradationExperimentally supportedInteractionSpongeceRNAlncRNAmicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a large, heterogeneous class of RNA molecules crucial for gene regulation.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs.
  • The interplay between lncRNAs and miRNAs is significant in various physiological and disease states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the complex interplay between lncRNAs and miRNAs.
  • To provide practical methodologies for analyzing lncRNA-miRNA interactions.
  • To facilitate a deeper understanding of lncRNA functions through experimental and in silico approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental techniques for analyzing lncRNA-miRNA interactions.
  • In silico computational methods for guided analysis of these interactions.
  • Adaptable methodologies for downstream functional analyses of lncRNAs.

Main Results:

  • LncRNAs can influence miRNA stability and activity.
  • LncRNAs can function as miRNA sponges, sequestering miRNAs and modulating their regulatory effects.
  • The described methodologies offer robust tools for dissecting lncRNA-miRNA regulatory networks.

Conclusions:

  • The lncRNA-miRNA axis represents a critical layer of gene regulation.
  • The provided methodologies are valuable for advancing research in noncoding RNA biology.
  • Further adaptation of these techniques will support comprehensive downstream functional studies of lncRNAs.