Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

262
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
262
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

290
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
290
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

246
Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
246
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

291
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
291
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

713
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
713
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

291
Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
291

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Horner Syndrome.

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR·2025
Same author

Neuro-Ophthalmology and Neuro-Otology Highlights From the 2025 American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting.

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·2025
Same author

Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)·2025
Same author

The Academy of Neurology Was Held in the Mile High City, Denver, Colorado, April 13-18, 2024.

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·2024
Same author

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Lessons From Developing Stroke Education Programs for West Michigan Asian Communities.

Stroke·2024
Same author

Bartonella Neuroretinitis.

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

7.4K

Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis.

Aileen A Antonio1, Ronel N Santos1, Samuel A Abariga2

  • 1Hauenstein Neurosciences, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|August 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tocilizumab shows promise in treating giant cell arteritis (GCA), improving sustained remission and reducing relapses. Further research is needed to confirm these benefits for GCA patients.

More Related Videos

Dynamic Imaging of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with [18F]Tetrafluoroborate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
09:34

Dynamic Imaging of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with [18F]Tetrafluoroborate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography

Published on: February 17, 2022

3.5K
Assessment of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Associated Toxicities Using an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model
06:08

Assessment of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Associated Toxicities Using an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model

Published on: February 10, 2023

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 23, 2025

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

7.4K
Dynamic Imaging of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with [18F]Tetrafluoroborate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
09:34

Dynamic Imaging of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with [18F]Tetrafluoroborate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography

Published on: February 17, 2022

3.5K
Assessment of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Associated Toxicities Using an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model
06:08

Assessment of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Associated Toxicities Using an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model

Published on: February 10, 2023

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a prevalent systemic vasculitis affecting individuals over 50.
  • It involves granulomatous inflammation of medium to large arteries.
  • Tocilizumab targets interleukin-6 receptors (IL-6R).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab, alone or with corticosteroids, versus non-tocilizumab therapy for GCA.
  • To assess tocilizumab's impact on remission rates and relapse frequency in GCA patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a minimum six-month follow-up.
  • Included participants met the 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria for GCA.
  • Searched multiple databases including Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, LILACS, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICTRP.

Main Results:

  • Two RCTs with 281 participants (mean age 70) were included.
  • Tocilizumab favored placebo in sustained remission (RR 4.25) and reduced time to first relapse (MD 25 weeks).
  • Fewer participants required escape therapy with tocilizumab, and serious adverse events were comparable or lower.

Conclusions:

  • Tocilizumab therapy may improve sustained remission and relapse-free survival in GCA patients.
  • Evidence is of moderate certainty, necessitating further research to corroborate findings.
  • Future trials should investigate optimal therapy duration, patient-reported outcomes, and economic impact.