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Understanding Beta-Lactam-Induced Lysis at the Single-Cell Level.

Felix Wong1,2,3, Sean Wilson4,5, Ralf Helbig6

  • 1Department of Biological Engineering, Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|August 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial cell lysis, or rupture, from beta-lactam antibiotics is modulated by turgor pressure. Other factors like mechanosensitive channels and cell shape do not significantly impact lysis dynamics.

Keywords:
MreBantibioticscell mechanicscell wallmechanosensitive channelsturgor pressure

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Bacterial cytoplasmic membrane rupture (lysis) is a key cell death pathway induced by beta-lactam antibiotics.
  • Understanding single-cell responses to lysis can reveal strategies to enhance antibiotic efficacy and bacterial physiology insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how turgor pressure, mechanosensitive channels, and cell shape influence bacterial lysis dynamics at the single-cell level.
  • To identify key cellular features that modulate susceptibility to beta-lactam-induced lysis.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a mechanical model for bacterial cell lysis.
  • Experimental analysis of lysis dynamics in hundreds of single Escherichia coli cells.
  • Examination of the roles of turgor pressure, mechanosensitive channels, and cell shape.

Main Results:

  • Turgor pressure was identified as the sole robust modulator of bacterial cell lysis among the features studied.
  • Mechanosensitive channels did not modulate lysis due to slow solute outflow.
  • Cell shape changes led to more severe lesions but did not alter lysis dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial cell lysis by beta-lactams is primarily modulated by cellular turgor pressure.
  • Targeting cellular turgor pressure presents a promising strategy to combat antibiotic tolerance to beta-lactams.
  • Single-cell analysis provides critical insights into bacterial lysis mechanisms.