The brain-gut axis in gastrointestinal cancers

Area of Science:

• Neurogastroenterology
• Oncology
• Microbiome Research

Background:

• The brain-gut-microbiota axis is increasingly recognized for its role in health and disease.
• Gut microbiota perform essential functions, including immune regulation, nutrient metabolism, and neurotransmitter control.
• Microbial dysbiosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers, particularly colorectal cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current research on the brain-gut axis, focusing on the microbiota's role in gastrointestinal cancer development.
• To explore the association between gut microbiota dysfunction, colorectal cancer, and potential psychiatric manifestations.
• To examine the impact of microbiota on medical interventions like chemotherapy and radiation.

Main Methods:

• A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases.
• Search terms focused on the brain-gut axis, microbiota, and gastrointestinal cancers.
• Seventy relevant manuscripts were analyzed.

Main Results:

• Gut microbiota dysfunction is associated with the development of colorectal cancer.
• Microbiota alterations can predispose individuals to psychiatric manifestations.
• Microbiota composition significantly impacts the efficacy of cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation.
• Dysbiosis can lead to systemic inflammation, influencing cancer progression and treatment response.

Conclusions:

• Disruptions in the gut microbiota play a significant role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers.
• The brain-gut-microbiota axis is a critical factor in cancer development and influences patient outcomes.
• Understanding microbiota's role is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies and managing cancer treatment side effects.