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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
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Variable Voltage, Tank-Style ENDS Do Not Always Deliver Nicotine.

Alisha Eversole1, Sarah Maloney1, Soha Talih1

  • 1Alisha Eversole, Graduate Student, Virginia Commonwealth University, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond VA. Sarah Maloney, Graduate Student, Virginia Commonwealth University, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond VA. Soha Talih, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. Rola Salman, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. Nareg Karaoghlanian, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. Thokozeni Lipato, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. Thomas Eissenberg, Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond VA. Alison Breland, Associate Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond VA.

Tobacco Regulatory Science
|August 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study found minimal nicotine delivery from a variable wattage tank-style electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS). Higher power settings and nicotine concentrations increased delivery, but results highlight device performance variability.

Keywords:
ENDSnicotine delivery

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Area of Science:

  • * Tobacco Control and Harm Reduction
  • * Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Nicotine

Background:

  • * Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) are increasingly popular alternatives to combustible cigarettes.
  • * Variable voltage, tank-style ENDS offer users control over device settings, potentially influencing nicotine delivery.
  • * Understanding nicotine pharmacokinetics from different ENDS is crucial for assessing their potential as smoking cessation or harm reduction tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To characterize the nicotine delivery profile of a variable voltage, tank-style ENDS.
  • * To assess the impact of different power settings and liquid nicotine concentrations on plasma nicotine levels.
  • * To evaluate user puffing behavior in relation to device settings.

Main Methods:

  • * Within-subject study with 10 adult smokers (8 male, 2 female).
  • * Tested a tank-style ENDS at two power settings (15 W and 45 W) and three nicotine concentrations (0, 3, and 6 mg/ml).
  • * Participants completed directed (10 puffs) and ad libitum use periods; blood samples were collected to measure plasma nicotine.

Main Results:

  • * At 15 W, no significant increase in plasma nicotine was observed, irrespective of nicotine concentration.
  • * At 45 W, plasma nicotine increased significantly only in the 6 mg/ml condition (from 2.0 ng/ml to 5.96 ng/ml).
  • * Puff duration and volume generally decreased as device power and nicotine concentration increased.

Conclusions:

  • * Nicotine delivery from the tested variable wattage, tank-style ENDS was minimal, particularly at lower power settings.
  • * Significant heterogeneity in ENDS performance was observed, underscoring the need for standardization.
  • * Regulatory measures may be necessary to ensure consistent and predictable nicotine delivery from ENDS.