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Related Concept Videos

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem cells characterization: OMICS reinforcing analytics.

Maria J Sebastião1, Margarida Serra1, Patrícia Gomes-Alves1

  • 1iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology
|August 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Characterizing stem cell quality is crucial for safe therapies. High-throughput omics tools offer new ways to assess stem cell potency and mechanism of action, addressing key analytical challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Stem cells are vital for disease modeling, drug development, and potential therapies.
  • Ensuring stem cell product quality (identity, purity, sterility, genomic integrity) is critical but challenging.
  • Robust analytical methods for assessing stem cell potency remain a significant hurdle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current analytical methodologies for stem cell quality attribute characterization.
  • To highlight the role of high-throughput 'omics' in stem cell research and development.
  • To explore 'omics' applications in defining stem cell mechanism of action and potency assays.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing analytical techniques for stem cell characterization.
  • Focus on the application of 'omics' technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics).
  • Discussion of case-by-case potency assessments.

Main Results:

  • Standard analytical methods address identity, purity, sterility, and genomic integrity.
  • 'Omics' tools provide novel insights into stem cell behavior and function.
  • Potency assays are often product-specific and lack standardized 'omics' approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced analytical methods, particularly 'omics', are essential for comprehensive stem cell characterization.
  • 'Omics' technologies are key to understanding stem cell mechanisms and developing robust potency assays.
  • Standardization of 'omics'-based potency assessments is needed for reliable stem cell therapies.