Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

6.5K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
6.5K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

11.0K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
11.0K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

76.6K
Overview
76.6K
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

11.3K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
11.3K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

1.5K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
1.5K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.6K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pregnancy-induced tissue-resident memory-like T cells contribute to tumor control in breast cancer.

Nature immunology·2026
Same author

Current progress in developing mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines against human bacterial pathogens.

Clinical microbiology reviews·2026
Same author

New insights into progenitor exhausted T cell populations.

Nature reviews. Immunology·2026
Same author

Direct contact between iPSC-derived macrophages and hepatocytes drives reciprocal acquisition of Kupffer cell identity and hepatocyte maturation.

eLife·2026
Same author

Hidden architecture of resistance: The extracellular matrix in melanoma's immune landscape.

Seminars in cancer biology·2026
Same author

Tumor-resident T cells and dendritic cells form an in situ archetype during immunotherapy response in melanoma.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Isolation of Mouse Kidney-Resident CD8+ T cells for Flow Cytometry Analysis
06:07

Isolation of Mouse Kidney-Resident CD8+ T cells for Flow Cytometry Analysis

Published on: June 27, 2020

6.9K

Discrete tissue microenvironments instruct diversity in resident memory T cell function and plasticity.

Susan N Christo1, Maximilien Evrard1, Simone L Park1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Nature Immunology
|August 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells adapt to their local environment, leading to diverse functions. Differences in TGFβ signaling create distinct TRM cell types with varying longevity and adaptability.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Optimized Protocol for Detecting Antigen-Specific T Cells in Mouse Lungs Using Tetramers
09:15

Author Spotlight: Optimized Protocol for Detecting Antigen-Specific T Cells in Mouse Lungs Using Tetramers

Published on: July 19, 2024

1.3K
Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

53.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Isolation of Mouse Kidney-Resident CD8+ T cells for Flow Cytometry Analysis
06:07

Isolation of Mouse Kidney-Resident CD8+ T cells for Flow Cytometry Analysis

Published on: June 27, 2020

6.9K
Author Spotlight: Optimized Protocol for Detecting Antigen-Specific T Cells in Mouse Lungs Using Tetramers
09:15

Author Spotlight: Optimized Protocol for Detecting Antigen-Specific T Cells in Mouse Lungs Using Tetramers

Published on: July 19, 2024

1.3K
Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

53.0K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Tissue Microenvironment

Background:

  • Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are crucial for organ-specific immunity.
  • While sharing common transcriptional networks, TRM cells exhibit location-specific adaptations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate TRM cell heterogeneity across different organs.
  • To identify factors driving functional diversity and adaptability in TRM cells.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of TRM cell populations from various organs.
  • Assessment of TGFβ signaling pathways and their impact on TRM cell phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Tissue microenvironments dictate TRM cell function, durability, and malleability.
  • TGFβ responsiveness significantly influences TRM cell characteristics, with dampened signaling yielding CD103- cells.
  • CD103- TRM cells show enhanced proliferation and function but reduced longevity compared to CD103+ cells.
  • CD103- TRM cells are more prone to phenotypic modification upon relocation than CD103+ TRM cells.

Conclusions:

  • TRM cell differentiation potential exists on a spectrum, governed by the local tissue microenvironment.
  • TGFβ signaling is a key regulator of TRM cell diversity and plasticity.