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Advances in viral oncolytics for treatment of multiple myeloma - a focused review

Ayesha Sarwar1, Laila Hashim2, Muhammad Salman Faisal3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.

Expert Review of Hematology
|August 25, 2021
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Oncolytic viruses are engineered to target multiple myeloma cells via specific receptors, inducing cell death through apoptosis or immune responses. Research is advancing this experimental therapy for better delivery and efficacy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy utilizes genetically engineered viruses to selectively target and destroy cancer cells.
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of plasma cells, and oncolytic viruses offer a novel therapeutic avenue.
  • Viruses can induce cancer cell death via apoptosis or immune-mediated destruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize advancements in oncolytic virotherapy for multiple myeloma.
  • To review viruses targeting cell surface receptors (CD46, CD138) on myeloma cells.
  • To discuss safe viral delivery methods and challenges in MM treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of published data up to December 2020.
  • Review of oncolytic viruses targeting myeloma cell surface proteins.
  • Analysis of viral mechanisms, including measles and vesicular stomatitis virus.

Main Results:

  • Measles virus binds CD46 receptors, inducing apoptosis through syncytia formation.
  • Vesicular stomatitis virus promotes apoptosis by downregulating anti-apoptotic factors (Mcl-2, BCL-2).
  • Various viruses like adenovirus, reovirus, and vaccinia show potential in oncolytic virotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising experimental treatment for multiple myeloma.
  • Targeting specific cell surface receptors enhances viral selectivity.
  • Further research is needed to address safe and effective viral delivery for MM treatment.
Keywords:
Multiple myelomaadenovirusbovine viruscoxsackie virusmeasles virusmengo virusmyxoma virusoncolytic virotherapyreovirusvaccinia virusvesicular-stomatitis virus

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