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Related Experiment Videos

Retinoids reprogramme pre-bud mesenchyme to give changes in limb pattern.

S M Wilde1, S E Wedden, C Tickle

  • 1Department of Anatomy & Biology as applied to Medicine, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, UK.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|August 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Retinoic acid can reprogram chick embryo limb development as early as stage 10. The duration of exposure needed for limb pattern changes varies with developmental stage, indicating early cellular responsiveness to retinoids.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Embryology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Understanding limb pattern formation is crucial in developmental biology.
  • Retinoids are known signaling molecules influencing embryonic development.
  • The precise timing of retinoid action in limb development is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the earliest developmental stage at which chick embryo limb patterns can be reprogrammed by retinoic acid.
  • To investigate the duration of retinoic acid exposure required for limb pattern alteration at different developmental stages.

Main Methods:

  • Local application of retinoic acid-soaked beads to presumptive limb regions of chick embryos at various stages (starting from stage 10).
  • Varied exposure times by removing beads at different time points to assess the critical window for retinoid signaling.

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  • Observation and analysis of resulting limb patterns (duplications or reductions).

    • Main Results:

    • Retinoic acid application at stage 10 or older resulted in duplicated or reduced leg patterns.
    • Early limb rudiments required longer retinoic acid exposure for duplications compared to later stages.
    • Effective reprogramming periods extended until at least stage 17, coinciding with limb bud and apical ectodermal ridge development.

    Conclusions:

    • Retinoids begin to reprogram limb development as early as cells are determined to form a limb, between stages 10 and 13.
    • The duration of retinoid exposure required for limb pattern duplication is developmentally regulated.
    • Limb reduction effects by retinoids showed a constant exposure requirement across early stages.