Development of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index to evaluate nurses' empathy

We determined the validity and reliability of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index in a sample of Japanese nurses. Participants were registered nurses at national university hospitals and nursing researchers in Japan. A postal questionnaire was conducted. Construct validity was analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent validity demonstrated using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index has an 18-item, two-factor structure with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.87 and 0.73. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a goodness-of-fit index of 0.917, an adjusted goodness-of-fit of 0.894, a root mean square error of approximation of 0.60, and a comparative fit index of 0.911. Correlation analysis between the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Interpersonal Reactivity Index indicated the factors were significantly correlated for empathic concern and perspective taking (r = 0.439-0.401). Test-retest assessment showed reliability coefficients for the first factor as r = 0.859 and the second factor as r = 0.709. The Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index demonstrated validity and reliability for Japanese nurses. The two factors evaluated perspective taking and unconditional positive regard.