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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
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Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Lung CT Segmentation to Identify Consolidations and Ground Glass Areas for Quantitative Assesment of SARS-CoV Pneumonia
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COVID-19: Inflammatory Profile.

Yuhang Wang1, Stanley Perlman1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA;

Annual Review of Medicine
|August 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Severe COVID-19 involves immune system dysregulation, leading to cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Understanding this immune response is crucial for developing effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a pandemic with significant health impacts.
  • Severe COVID-19 manifestations include acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and multiorgan failure.
  • Both direct viral damage and uncontrolled inflammation contribute to COVID-19 severity, highlighting the immune system's critical role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the nature of the dysregulated host immune response in COVID-19.
  • To identify potential mechanisms underlying cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in COVID-19 patients.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies for managing immune dysregulation during COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of existing literature on SARS-CoV-2 immunology.
Keywords:
COVID-19IL-6NF-κBcytokine release syndromeimmunopathologyinterferon

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  • Examination of clinical data related to severe COVID-19 presentations.
  • Synthesis of findings to propose mechanisms and management strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • COVID-19 pathogenesis involves a complex and often dysregulated host immune response.
    • Immune dysregulation, particularly CRS, is a key factor in severe COVID-19 outcomes.
    • Specific inflammatory pathways and cytokine profiles are implicated in disease severity.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for effective COVID-19 treatment.
    • Targeting immune dysregulation and CRS may offer promising therapeutic avenues.
    • Further research into immunomodulatory strategies is warranted for managing severe COVID-19.