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Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

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Nephrotoxic Metal Mixtures and Preadolescent Kidney Function.

Yuri Levin-Schwartz¹, Maria D Politis¹, Chris Gennings¹

¹Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 27, 2021

Summary

Multi-media biomarkers (MMBs) integrating blood and urine metal levels, including lead, cadmium, and arsenic, effectively identified adverse kidney function effects in children. These integrated indices offer distinct insights beyond single-medium analyses.

Keywords:

arsenic cadmium childhood kidney lead mixture

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Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Toxicology
Pediatric Nephrology

Background:

Exposure to heavy metals like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) can negatively impact kidney function.
Studying the combined effects of multiple metals simultaneously presents challenges due to limitations of single exposure media.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the utility of multi-media biomarkers (MMBs), which integrate data from various sources, in assessing kidney function in children exposed to metal mixtures.
To evaluate the association between metal mixtures in blood and urine and kidney function indicators in Mexican children.

Main Methods:

Quantified levels of Pb, Cd, and As in blood and urine of 300 Mexican children aged 4-6 years.
Employed weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to analyze mixture effects on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum cystatin C at ages 8-10.
Calculated urine (Umix), blood (Bmix), and multi-media (MMB) biomarkers.

Main Results:

Increased Umix and MMB mixture quartiles were associated with a 2.5% and 3.0% increase in eGFR, respectively.
Increased Umix and MMB mixture quartiles were linked to a 2.6% and 3.3% decrease in serum cystatin C, respectively.
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were identified as key contributors to the observed associations with eGFR and serum cystatin C, respectively.

Conclusions:

Multi-media biomarkers (MMBs) provide valuable insights into the adverse effects of metal mixtures on kidney function, offering advantages over single-medium analyses.
MMBs can detect distinct mixture effects, emphasizing the importance of integrating exposure information from multiple sources for comprehensive risk assessment in pediatric populations.