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Related Concept Videos

Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

Horizontal Gene Transfer

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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
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Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

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Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
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Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

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A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Transgenic Plants02:50

Transgenic Plants

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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Transgenic Organisms00:53

Transgenic Organisms

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Overview
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Horizontal Gene Transfers in Plants.

Emilie Aubin1, Moaine El Baidouri1, Olivier Panaud1

  • 1Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR 5096 UPVD/CNRS, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52, Avenue, Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) are common in plants, challenging traditional genetic understanding. This review explores recent findings on HGTs in plants using advanced genomic methods.

Keywords:
genomehorizontal transferplantstransposable elements

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Vertical gene transmission ensures species integrity in eukaryotes, including plants.
  • Horizontal gene transfers (HGTs), the interspecific transmission of genetic information, are increasingly recognized as common in nature.
  • HGTs occur across reproductive barriers and affect all living organisms, including plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of the current knowledge on horizontal gene transfers in plants.
  • To highlight the significance of HGTs in plant evolution and genetics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on HGTs in plants.
  • Comparative genomic approaches utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies.

Main Results:

  • NGS technologies have significantly advanced the study of HGTs in plants.
  • Evidence suggests HGTs are a prevalent phenomenon in the plant kingdom.
  • HGTs contribute to genetic diversity and evolution in plants.

Conclusions:

  • Horizontal gene transfer is a significant factor in plant genetics and evolution.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and implications of HGTs in plants.