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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells
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Germ Cell Derivation from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Understanding In Vitro Gametogenesis.

Tae-Kyung Hong1, Jae-Hoon Song1, So-Been Lee1

  • 1Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.

Cells
|August 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

In vitro gametogenesis offers a promising solution for infertility caused by germ cell aplasia, such as non-obstructive azoospermia. This technology, derived from pluripotent stem cells, aims to generate functional gametes for reproductive applications.

Keywords:
gametogenesisgerm cellinfertilitypluripotent stem cell

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Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells
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Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Derivation of Stem Cell Lines from Mouse Preimplantation Embryos
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Stem cell science
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have limitations in treating germ cell aplasia, including non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and oocyte maturation failure.
  • In vitro gametogenesis (IVG) presents a potential solution for infertility by generating gametes from stem cells.
  • Deriving early germ cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is feasible, but further development into post-meiotic cells requires specific gonadal niche signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in deriving male and female germ cells in vitro from PSCs.
  • To discuss the application of IVG in understanding gamete development mechanisms.
  • To explore the potential of IVG in addressing infertility.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of early germ cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs).
  • Investigation of the role of gonadal niche and somatic cell signals in gamete maturation.
  • Review of current literature on in vitro gametogenesis techniques.

Main Results:

  • Pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into early germ cells.
  • Further maturation into functional gametes necessitates specific in vivo-like environmental cues.
  • Progress has been made in both male and female in vitro gametogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • In vitro gametogenesis holds significant promise for overcoming infertility associated with germ cell aplasia.
  • Understanding the biological mechanisms of gamete development is crucial for refining IVG techniques.
  • IVG has the potential to revolutionize infertility treatment and reproductive medicine.