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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System
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Cognitive Status Epilepticus: Two Case Reports.

Eleni Karantali1, Symela Chatzikonstantinou1, Ioannis Mavroudis2

  • 1Third Neurological Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|August 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive status epilepticus, a rare focal epilepsy, causes cognitive and language issues. Early EEG and treatment are crucial for diagnosis and management when epilepsy is suspected.

Keywords:
EEGamnesiaaphasiastatus epilepticus

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Cognitive status epilepticus (CSE) is a rare focal epilepsy subtype.
  • It presents with altered higher cortical functions like language and cognition, often without typical seizure signs.
  • This can lead to diagnostic delays.

Observation:

  • Presents two cases of cognitive status epilepticus: one with amnesic CSE and one with aphasic CSE.
  • Highlights that absence of overt ictal manifestations can mislead diagnosis.

Findings:

  • Electroencephalogram (EEG) is valuable for early diagnosis of CSE.
  • Early initiation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is important when epilepsy is suspected.

Implications:

  • Emphasizes the importance of considering CSE in patients with unexplained cognitive or language deficits.
  • Suggests early EEG and empirical AED treatment can improve outcomes for CSE.
  • Highlights the need for increased awareness of CSE among clinicians.