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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Physical Properties of Ethers02:17

Physical Properties of Ethers

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Overview
An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of alcohols of comparable molecular weight and slightly higher than those of hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight (Table 1).
Ethers can act as hydrogen bond acceptors, making them more water-soluble than hydrocarbons, but since ethers cannot act as hydrogen bond donors, they are much less soluble in water than alcohols. Ethers are considered...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Influence of Rigid Segment Type on Copoly(ether-ester) Properties.

Konrad Walkowiak1, Izabela Irska1, Agata Zubkiewicz2

  • 1Department of Materials Technologies, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastów 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study developed bio-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) by incorporating soft poly(tetrahydrofuran) segments into polyester copolymers. The resulting TPEs exhibit excellent tensile properties, comparable to commercial alternatives, demonstrating their potential as sustainable materials.

Keywords:
1,6-hexanodiolbiopolymerscopolymersdimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxyledimethyl napthalatedimethyl terephthalatepolycondensation in meltpolymer characteristicspolymer modificationpolymer synthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science and Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Growing ecological awareness drives demand for renewable raw materials.
  • Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) offer a blend of elastomeric flexibility and thermoplastic processability.
  • Bio-based polymers are crucial for replacing petrochemical-based materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of rigid segments on copoly(ester-ether) properties.
  • To develop novel bio-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) using renewable resources.
  • To evaluate the performance of these TPEs against commercial benchmarks.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of thermoplastic polyesters (PHT, PHF, PHN) via melt polycondensation using bio-1,6-hexanediol.
  • Preparation of TPE systems by incorporating bio-based poly(tetrahydrofuran) (pTHF).
  • Characterization using 1H NMR, FTIR, DSC, DMTA, and XRD analyses.
  • Assessment of tensile properties, water absorption, and thermal stability.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis and characterization of bio-based copoly(ester-ether)s and TPEs.
  • Incorporation of a soft pTHF phase resulted in TPEs with high elongation at break (>500%) and low tensile modulus.
  • Tensile characteristics were found to be comparable to commercially available TPEs.
  • Materials exhibited no yield point, indicating elastomeric behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Bio-based thermoplastic elastomers can be effectively synthesized using polyester copolymers and pTHF.
  • These novel TPEs demonstrate promising mechanical properties suitable for various applications.
  • The study highlights the potential of renewable resources in creating high-performance elastomers.