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Examining the Relationship between Exercise Dependence, Disordered Eating, and Low Energy Availability.

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Disordered eating significantly increases the risk of low energy availability (LEA) in female athletes, especially when combined with exercise dependence. Male athletes with disordered eating also face health risks, but exercise dependence alone does not elevate LEA risk.

Keywords:
LEAF-Qcompulsive exerciseexercise addictionrelative energy deficiency in sport

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Low energy availability (LEA) is a critical concern in athletes, influenced by both diet and exercise.
  • Understanding the interplay between disordered eating, exercise dependence, and LEA is crucial for athlete health.
  • Athlete calibre may also modulate these relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the independent relationship between exercise dependence and LEA risk.
  • To examine the role of disordered eating and athlete calibre in LEA.
  • To assess associated health outcomes in male athletes with disordered eating.

Main Methods:

  • Survey responses from 642 female and 257 male athletes.
  • Categorization based on risk of disordered eating, exercise dependence, or both.
  • Comparison of LEA risk and health outcomes across categories and controls.

Main Results:

  • Female athletes with disordered eating had 2.5x higher LEA risk; combined with exercise dependence, risk exceeded 5.5x.
  • Male athletes with disordered eating reported increased gastrointestinal issues, reduced morning erections, bone stress fractures, and overload injuries.
  • Exercise dependence alone, without disordered eating, did not increase LEA risk in either sex.
  • Higher calibre athletes (international/national) were less likely to have disordered eating.

Conclusions:

  • Disordered eating is a primary driver of LEA risk in athletes, particularly females.
  • Exercise dependence exacerbates LEA risk only when co-occurring with disordered eating.
  • Male athletes with disordered eating experience a distinct set of adverse health outcomes.
  • Athlete calibre influences disordered eating prevalence, with higher-calibre athletes showing lower rates.