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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Updated: Oct 22, 2025

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
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Tolerogenic Dendritic Cell-Based Approaches in Autoimmunity.

Laura Passeri1,2, Fortunato Marta1, Virginia Bassi1,2

  • 1San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 27, 2021
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Dendritic cells (DCs) can be manipulated to promote immune tolerance, offering new therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases. Understanding tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) is key to preventing and treating these conditions.

Keywords:
autoimmune diseasesdendritic cellstolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial in determining immune responses, including those in autoimmune diseases.
  • DCs can either promote organ damage via self-antigen presentation or induce immune tolerance through regulatory T cells (Tregs).
  • Tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) possess the capacity to restore immune balance, presenting therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of human DC subsets and their regulatory mechanisms in tolerogenic functions.
  • To review the role of DCs in inducing tissue-specific autoimmunity.
  • To discuss current and future therapeutic strategies involving tolDCs for autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on dendritic cell subsets and their functions.
  • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms underlying tolerogenic dendritic cell activity.
  • Examination of current in vitro and in vivo therapeutic approaches utilizing DCs.

Main Results:

  • Identification of distinct human DC subsets and their associated regulatory pathways.
  • Elucidation of DC involvement in the induction of autoimmunity.
  • Overview of therapeutic strategies employing tolDCs or targeting DCs for autoimmune treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Tolerogenic DCs hold significant promise for developing novel therapies to restore immune tolerance in autoimmune settings.
  • Further research into tolDC biology is essential for advancing their clinical application in preventing and treating autoimmunity.
  • Targeting or generating DCs offers a viable strategy for managing autoimmune conditions.