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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Author Spotlight: Therapeutic Benefit of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation in Depression Treatment
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Electrical deep neuromodulation in psychiatry.

Mircea Polosan1, Martijn Figee2

  • 1Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France.

International Review of Neurobiology
|August 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) shows promise for psychiatric disorders like OCD and depression. Further research into neuromodulation and brain networks could lead to personalized treatments and better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Deep brain stimulationDepressionNeuromodulationOCD

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Treatment refractoriness in psychiatric disorders remains a significant public health challenge.
  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has garnered increasing interest over the past two decades for various brain targets.
  • Despite confirmed efficacy and safety, DBS is not yet a standard psychiatric therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major DBS clinical trials in psychiatric diseases, focusing on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression.
  • To explore emerging research in other psychiatric disorders utilizing DBS.
  • To highlight how DBS research advances understanding of brain disease physiopathology and network influences.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trials and research on deep brain stimulation (DBS) in psychiatric populations.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging, behavioral, and electrophysiological data from DBS studies.
  • Examination of neuromodulation technology advancements.

Main Results:

  • DBS efficacy and safety are established for certain psychiatric conditions.
  • DBS studies significantly enhance the understanding of brain disease physiopathology.
  • Evidence suggests DBS influences broader brain networks beyond local stimulation.
  • Advances in neuromodulation technology are progressing.

Conclusions:

  • DBS has the potential to become a more widespread treatment in psychiatry.
  • Optimizing brain targets based on specific phenotypic dimensions is crucial.
  • Future personalized, multimodal assessments of brain networks will enable circuit-specific treatments.
  • These advancements aim to improve patient outcomes in psychiatric care.