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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview01:07

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
NMR spectroscopy generates a spectrum where the characteristic absorption frequencies of the sample are...
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Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

Applications Of NMR In Biology

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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Sodium MR Neuroimaging.

A Hagiwara1,2, M Bydder1,2, T C Oughourlian1,3

  • 1From the UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (A.H., M.B., T.C.O., J.Y., B.M.E.), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers.

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|August 27, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sodium MR imaging offers new insights for neurologic diseases like brain tumors and stroke. Advances in technology are making this technique clinically viable for improved diagnosis and monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroradiology
  • Medical Imaging Physics

Background:

  • Sodium MR imaging (SMI) shows promise for complementing proton MR imaging in neurology.
  • Historically limited by low signal, SMI is becoming more feasible due to technological advancements.
  • Potential applications include brain tumors, ischemic stroke, and epilepsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental physics of sodium MR imaging for neuroradiologists.
  • To discuss factors influencing clinical feasibility and current controversies in SMI.
  • To explore the future clinical applications of SMI in neurologic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fundamental physics of sodium MR imaging.
  • Discussion of technical improvements in imaging techniques and hardware.
  • Analysis of current literature on clinical applications and controversies.

Main Results:

  • Recent improvements in imaging techniques and hardware are enhancing SMI utility.
  • SMI is nearing clinical realism for diagnosing and monitoring neurologic conditions.
  • The review covers the basics of SMI physics relevant to clinical settings.

Conclusions:

  • Sodium MR imaging is poised to become a valuable clinical tool in neuroradiology.
  • Advancements are overcoming previous signal limitations, enabling broader applications.
  • SMI holds significant potential for diagnosis, phenotyping, and therapeutic monitoring in neurologic diseases.