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  1. Home
  3. Distinct Resting-state Functional Connectivity Profiles In Adhd With And Without Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.
  1. Home
  3. Distinct Resting-state Functional Connectivity Profiles In Adhd With And Without Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.

Related Experiment Video

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Distinct Resting-State Functional Connectivity Profiles in ADHD with and without Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.

Ishika Gupta, Lea Farkouh, Lisa Kilpatrick

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
    |June 5, 2026

    View abstract on PubMed

    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) shows distinct brain connectivity patterns compared to familial ADHD. Prenatal alcohol exposure may lead to reduced neural connectivity, particularly in brain regions connecting the cerebellum and cerebral cortex.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroimaging
    • Developmental Neuroscience
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
    • Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a known risk factor for neurodevelopmental issues, including ADHD.
    • Distinguishing the neural underpinnings of ADHD with and without PAE is crucial for understanding its etiology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if the whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity patterns in children with ADHD associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (ADHD+PAE) differ from those in children with ADHD of probable familial origin (ADHD-PAE).

    Main Methods:

    • Resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) scans were obtained from three groups of children aged 8-13 years: ADHD+PAE (n=26), ADHD-PAE (n=25), and typically developing (TD) controls (n=25).
  • Whole-brain functional connectivity was analyzed using mean connectivity matrices derived from the Cole-Anticevic Brainwide Network Parcellation.

    • Main Results:

    • Children with ADHD+PAE exhibited significantly lower group-mean functional connectivity within the frontoparietal network (FPN) compared to children with ADHD-PAE.
    • These connectivity differences were predominantly observed in connections between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, and within cerebral cortical regions.
    • Children with ADHD-PAE showed widespread hyperconnectivity relative to TD children, while children with ADHD+PAE displayed a mix of hyper- and hypoconnectivity.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings suggest that ADHD+PAE has a distinct neural phenotype compared to ADHD-PAE.
    • Prenatal alcohol exposure may be associated with widespread reductions in neural connectivity, particularly affecting cerebellar-cerebral cortical pathways.
    • These results underscore the importance of considering prenatal exposure when evaluating the neurobiological basis of ADHD.