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Single Cell Collection of Trophoblast Cells in Peri-implantation Stage Human Embryos

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Bioengineered embryoids mimic post-implantation development in vitro.

Mehmet U Girgin^1,2, Nicolas Broguiere¹, Sylke Hoehnel³

¹Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Nature Communications

|August 27, 2021

Summary

Developing novel in vitro embryoid models is crucial for studying mammalian post-implantation development. New EpiTS embryoids, derived from mouse stem cells, successfully model early embryonic development and anterior brain formation in vitro.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Stem Cell Biology
Bioengineering

Background:

Studying mammalian post-implantation development in vitro is challenging.
Existing embryoid models often lack physiological relevance or are unsuitable for post-gastrulation stages.
A need exists for advanced in vitro models to recapitulate early embryonic development.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel in vitro model for studying mammalian post-implantation and peri-gastrulation development.
To create embryoids that exhibit improved morphological and developmental fidelity compared to previous models.
To investigate the key factors driving axial morphogenesis and anterior development in these novel embryoids.

Main Methods:

Utilized a high-throughput, bioengineering-inspired approach for cell aggregation.
Co-cultured mouse embryonic stem cells (epiblast-like aggregates) with mouse trophoblast stem cell aggregates.
Developed a matrix-free method to generate uniform epiblast-like aggregates.

Main Results:

Successfully generated hybrid structures, termed EpiTS embryoids, capable of initiating gastrulation-like events.
EpiTS embryoids exhibited axial morphogenesis and significant anterior development, including brain-like regions.
Identified the presence of an epithelium in epiblast aggregates as critical for axial morphogenesis and anterior patterning.

Conclusions:

EpiTS embryoids represent a significant advancement in in vitro modeling of early mammalian development.
These embryoids provide a powerful platform for studying peri-gastrulation events and developmental mechanisms in vitro.
The findings highlight the importance of epithelial organization in directing embryonic morphogenesis.