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Updated: Oct 22, 2025

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect
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A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

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The influence of gestational age at term on breastfeeding: a cohort study

Nathallia Seródio Michelin1, Hélio Rubens de Carvalho Nunes1, Maria Antonieta de Barros Leite Carvalhaes1

  • 1Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Enfermagem, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.

Revista Da Escola De Enfermagem Da U S P
|August 27, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Gestational age at term did not affect early or long-term breastfeeding initiation or duration. Factors like previous pregnancy duration and avoiding pacifiers positively influenced breastfeeding practices.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Breastfeeding is crucial for infant health and development.
  • Understanding factors influencing breastfeeding duration and exclusivity is vital for public health initiatives.
  • Gestational age at term is a potential factor influencing early and sustained breastfeeding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the impact of gestational age at term on breastfeeding initiation within the first hour of life.
  • To assess the effect of gestational age at term on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding.
  • To evaluate the association between gestational age at term and the practice of breastfeeding at twelve months postpartum.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study followed 541 children for one year.
  • Hierarchical analysis using Cox regression models was employed.
  • Statistical significance was determined with a critical p-value of less than 0.05.

Main Results:

  • Initial analysis suggested a link between gestational age and early breastfeeding, but this was not sustained in the final model.
  • No statistically significant association was found between gestational age at term and breastfeeding in the first hour, exclusive breastfeeding duration, or breastfeeding at twelve months.
  • Factors negatively impacting breastfeeding included higher maternal age/education, Cesarean section, private birth services, and neonatal resuscitation; previous pregnancy duration was protective.

Conclusions:

  • Gestational age at term is not associated with breastfeeding outcomes.
  • The study confirmed previously reported associations between various factors and breastfeeding practices.
Abstract

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