Acquired Zinc Deficiency Mimicking Acrodermatitis Enteropathica in a Breast-Fed Premature Infant

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Dermatology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Premature infants have increased nutritional requirements, making them susceptible to deficiencies.
• Acquired zinc deficiency can manifest with dermatological symptoms resembling genetic conditions.
• Maternal factors, such as low serum and milk zinc levels, can impact infant nutrition.

Observation:

• A 4-month-old premature male infant presented with an acrodermatitis enteropathica-like rash.
• Laboratory tests revealed low zinc levels in the infant, mother's serum, and breast milk.
• Genetic testing excluded mutations in the SLC39A4 gene, ruling out hereditary acrodermatitis enteropathica.

Findings:

• The infant's condition was diagnosed as transient acquired zinc deficiency.
• Low maternal zinc levels and breast milk zinc content were identified as contributing factors.
• The absence of genetic mutations indicated an acquired, rather than inherited, condition.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of monitoring zinc levels in premature infants and breastfeeding mothers.
• Early diagnosis and zinc supplementation are critical for favorable outcomes.
• Understanding acquired zinc deficiency is vital for managing complex pediatric nutritional cases.