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Advanced Metallic and Polymeric Coatings for Neural Interfacing: Structures, Properties and Tissue Responses.

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  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.

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Summary

This review analyzes surface coatings for neural electrodes, focusing on improving performance and biocompatibility. Coatings made from metals, oxides, carbons, polymers, and hydrogels offer practical solutions for advanced brain-electronic interfaces.

Keywords:
biocompatibilitycoatingselectrodesmetalsneural interfacingpolymersstructure-property correlations

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Neural electrodes are crucial for brain-electronic interfaces, neuroprosthetics, and neuroregeneration.
  • Current electrodes face challenges like foreign body responses, low sensitivity, and limited functionality.
  • Surface coatings offer a practical and economical approach to enhance existing neural electrode performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To categorize and analyze recent advancements in surface coatings for neural electrodes.
  • To provide insights into material selection, functional design, and structural configuration for next-generation coatings.
  • To highlight the importance of biocompatibility and long-term stability in neural electrode coatings.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review and categorization of reported surface coatings.
  • Analysis of coatings based on chemical composition (metals, metal oxides, carbons, conducting polymers, hydrogels).
  • Discussion of microstructures, electrochemical properties, fabrication methods, and structure-property correlations.

Main Results:

  • Coatings are classified into five main categories based on chemical composition.
  • Detailed presentation of microstructures, electrochemical properties, and fabrication techniques.
  • Emphasis on the biocompatibility, including foreign-body response, cell affinity, and in-vivo stability.

Conclusions:

  • Surface coatings are vital for overcoming limitations of current neural electrodes.
  • Understanding structure-property and structure-biocompatibility relationships is key for designing advanced coatings.
  • This review provides a framework for developing next-generation multifunctional neural electrode coatings.