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Bile

Bile

Bile is a crucial bodily fluid, characterized by its yellow-green color and alkaline nature. Produced in the liver, it is transported through the common hepatic duct into either the cystic duct, leading to the gallbladder, or directly into the common bile duct. The flow of bile is regulated by the sphincter of Oddi located at the entrance of the duodenum. When this sphincter is closed, bile is redirected to the gallbladder for storage and concentration.
Bile is released when dietary fats enter...

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Updated: Oct 22, 2025

A Ligated Intestinal Loop Model in Anesthetized Specific Pathogen Free Chickens to Study Clostridium Perfringens Virulence

A Ligated Intestinal Loop Model in Anesthetized Specific Pathogen Free Chickens to Study Clostridium Perfringens Virulence

Published on: October 11, 2018

Specific Secondary Bile Acids Control Chicken Necrotic Enteritis.

Mohit Bansal¹, Tahrir Alenezi^1,2, Ying Fu^1,2

¹Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 28, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) mitigated necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler chickens by preventing intestinal damage and weight loss. Secondary bile acids, not total levels, are key for controlling NE.

Keywords:

Clostridium perfringens Eimeria maxima intestinal inflammation microbiota secondary bile acid

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Published on: June 28, 2021

Area of Science:

Poultry Science
Animal Nutrition
Veterinary Pathology

Background:

Necrotic enteritis (NE) causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry.
Limited intervention options exist for managing NE, primarily caused by *Clostridium perfringens* and coccidia.
The role of specific bile acids in NE pathogenesis and control remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of specific bile acids on the development and severity of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.
To evaluate the efficacy of dietary deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) in preventing NE-induced intestinal damage and growth impairment.
To determine the relationship between bile acid profiles and NE control.

Main Methods:

Broiler chicks were divided into non-infected, NE-infected, and NE-infected groups supplemented with chicken bile, commercial ox bile, LCA, or DCA.
Birds were experimentally infected with *Eimeria maxima* and *Clostridium perfringens* to induce NE.
Histopathological analysis of the ileum, body weight gain (BWG), inflammatory responses, and bacterial colonization were assessed.

Main Results:

DCA and LCA supplementation significantly reduced NE-induced ileitis, including villus blunting and immune cell infiltration.
Only DCA supplementation prevented the significant body weight gain loss associated with NE.
DCA administration decreased inflammatory responses and reduced *C. perfringens* colonization and invasion in the ileum.
Dietary DCA and commercial bile restored reduced total bile acid levels in the ileal digesta of NE-affected birds.

Conclusions:

Secondary bile acids, specifically DCA and LCA, demonstrate therapeutic potential in mitigating necrotic enteritis histopathology in poultry.
DCA plays a crucial role in preventing NE-induced growth depression and reducing *C. perfringens* infection.
The findings highlight the importance of specific secondary bile acids, rather than overall bile acid concentration, in controlling necrotic enteritis.