The Flipped Classroom and Simulation: a Primer for Simulation Educators

The flipped classroom has become part of the lexicon in discussion of pedagogies in healthcare education. When reviewing the simulation literature, however, the term is only recently being mentioned. We determined there was a need for this article based on workshops held at the annual International Meeting for Simulation in Healthcare (IMSH), which were facilitated by the authors. In the workshops, most of the participants had heard the term and had first-hand experience with the flipped model in simulation; however, there were varied interpretations of the flipped model and several concerns related to implementation of the model. In this article, we define the flipped classroom model, review the existing work on using the flipped model in healthcare education, and provide five recommendations regarding use of the flipped model in simulation. The framework for summarizing the work and presenting the recommendations is based on a brief review of the literature and from the participant discussions at the IMSH workshops.