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Updated: Oct 22, 2025

A Bending Test for Determining the Atterberg Plastic Limit in Soils
Published on: June 28, 2016
Mean yield pressure from the in-die Heckel analysis is a reliable plasticity parameter
Gerrit Vreeman1, Changquan Calvin Sun1
1Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
Abstract:
Despite the ability to characterize the plasticity of powders in a material-sparing and expedited manner, the in-die Heckel analysis has been widely criticized for its sensitivity to several factors, such as particle elastic deformation, tooling size, lubrication, and speed. Using materials exhibiting a wide range of mechanical properties, we show that the in-die correlates strongly with three established plasticity parameters obtained from the out-of-die Heckel analysis, Kuentz-Leuenberger analysis, and macroindentation. Thus, the in-die is a reliable parameter for quantifying powder plasticity in a material-sparing and expedited manner.
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