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Related Concept Videos

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Epigenetics in kidney diseases.

Hao Ding1, Lu Zhang1, Qian Yang1

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.

Advances in Clinical Chemistry
|August 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation and histone modification contribute to kidney diseases like chronic kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease. Understanding these epigenetic changes is key for developing new biomarkers and precision medicine therapies.

Keywords:
ChromatinDNA methylationData integrationEpigeneticsHistone modificationKidney disease

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Epigenetics involves heritable DNA changes excluding mutations.
  • Epigenetic regulation is crucial in kidney cell biology via DNA methylation, chromatin modification, and non-coding RNAs.
  • Kidney diseases involve complex molecular alterations at the cellular level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize epigenetic mechanisms in four major kidney diseases: acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease, and renal fibrosis.
  • To focus on genome-wide DNA methylation and histone modification profiles.
  • To explore the translational potential of epigenetic biomarkers and therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current knowledge on epigenetic mechanisms in kidney diseases.
  • Focus on genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation and histone modification.
  • Analysis of epigenetic regulation on specific genes in disease pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic alterations, including abnormal DNA methylation and histone modifications, are implicated in kidney disease pathogenesis.
  • These epigenetic changes disrupt cellular pathways, affecting renal cell protection and promoting disease.
  • Molecular alterations impact kidney cell function and microenvironment, driving disease phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic dysregulation significantly contributes to the development and progression of various kidney diseases.
  • Identifying epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets holds promise for prevention and treatment.
  • Integrating epigenomic testing into clinical research is vital for advancing precision medicine in nephrology.