Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

3.5K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
3.5K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

2.1K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
2.1K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

3.8K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
3.8K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

7.8K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.8K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

1.3K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diagnostic Performance of Prespecified OCT Rules for Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy in Nonpathologic Myopia.

JAMA ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Retraction Note: Region of interest-based predictive algorithm for subretinal hemorrhage detection using faster R-CNN.

Soft computing·2026
Same author

<i>Ralstonia mannitolilytica</i> as a Cause of Postoperative Endophthalmitis.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2026
Same author

Disturbed glucose metabolism and oxidative stress through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in HIV-1 TAT activated retinal Müller glia.

Journal of neuroimmunology·2026
Same author

Deep Learning Model to Detect Diabetic Retinopathy in 45° Images Using Ground Truth from Ultra-Widefield Imaging.

Ophthalmology science·2026
Same author

Disposable Printed CamBlobs Charts for Measuring Contrast Sensitivity in Patients With Glaucoma.

Journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same journal

Determinants of regression kinetics in observed stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity without plus disease.

Eye (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Oculomics and the NHS: A UK opportunity to translate eye-derived biomarkers into population health.

Eye (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Long-term follow-up and outcomes of a Diabetic Eye Screening Programme in patients aged 80 with no diabetic eye disease at baseline: should we be routinely screening this cohort?

Eye (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Real world experience with faricimab in switched neovascular AMD and evaluation of reloading versus interval matching regimes.

Eye (London, England)·2026
Same journal

"When the lens drew a continent: a cartographic clue to Alport syndrome".

Eye (London, England)·2026
Same journal

Infographic: efficacy and safety of teprotumumab in patients with thyroid eye disease of long duration and low disease activity.

Eye (London, England)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model
09:11

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Published on: May 6, 2022

4.8K

Retinal structure-function correlation in type 2 diabetes.

Sangeetha Srinivasan1, Sobha Sivaprasad2, Ramachandran Rajalakshmi3

  • 1Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India.

Eye (London, England)
|August 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early visual function changes in diabetes correlate with subclinical retinal changes, even without retinopathy. This highlights the importance of multimodal imaging for detecting early signs of diabetic eye disease.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression
04:36

Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression

Published on: January 12, 2024

1.3K
Trypsin Digest Protocol to Analyze the Retinal Vasculature of a Mouse Model
09:03

Trypsin Digest Protocol to Analyze the Retinal Vasculature of a Mouse Model

Published on: June 13, 2013

18.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model
09:11

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Published on: May 6, 2022

4.8K
Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression
04:36

Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression

Published on: January 12, 2024

1.3K
Trypsin Digest Protocol to Analyze the Retinal Vasculature of a Mouse Model
09:03

Trypsin Digest Protocol to Analyze the Retinal Vasculature of a Mouse Model

Published on: June 13, 2013

18.7K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Diabetology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of visual impairment.
  • Early detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its impact on visual function is crucial.
  • Subclinical changes in retinal structure and microvasculature may precede overt DR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between visual function tests (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, mfERG) and macular structural/microvascular measures obtained via OCT and OCTA.
  • To identify early indicators of visual impairment in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study of 121 adults with type 2 diabetes (No DR or mild/moderate nonproliferative DR).
  • Evaluated visual acuity (LogMAR), contrast sensitivity (CS), multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA).
  • Correlations assessed using Spearman's rank correlation.

Main Results:

  • In eyes without DR, visual acuity negatively correlated with central subfoveal thickness and macular vessel density/perfusion.
  • Contrast sensitivity correlated with foveal avascular zone circularity.
  • mfERG P1 response density correlated with macular perfusion index.
  • In the mild/moderate NPDR group, visual acuity negatively correlated with central subfoveal thickness.

Conclusions:

  • Visual function deficits and subclinical retinal structural changes are present in diabetic patients even before significant retinopathy develops.
  • Multimodal imaging techniques like OCT and OCTA can detect these early structural changes, correlating with functional deficits.