An approach to olfactory impairments in the general practice setting

Olfactory impairment is a common condition, particularly in the geriatric population, which can be underrecognised as a result of clinician and patient unfamiliarity.

The aim of this article is to bring awareness to olfactory impairment, describe the common aetiologies and provide a framework for its diagnosis and management in the general practice setting, including advice about when to refer.

A thorough history and examination can often elucidate the common causes, which include rhinosinusitis, upper respiratory tract viral illnesses and head trauma. Rhinosinusitis is the most readily managed aetiology in the general practice setting, with other causes often requiring multidisciplinary input. Chronic olfactory impairment is often irreversible and can be a debilitating condition, causing disability in day-to-day living and impairing quality of life.