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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
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Treatment of Postinfectious Olfactory Dysfunction Using Corticosteroids.

Hong-Gang Duan1, Fang Ji2, Mao-Xiao Yan1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal
|August 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Corticosteroids did not show significant differences in treating postinfectious olfactory dysfunction. Early olfactory discrimination threshold is key for prognosis in smell loss recovery.

Keywords:
corticosteroidolfactory discriminationolfactory dysfunctionpostinfectious olfactory dysfunctionsmell

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pharmacology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) is a common cause of smell loss.
  • Corticosteroids are frequently used to manage PIOD, but their optimal use is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of varying corticosteroid doses and forms for PIOD.
  • To identify factors influencing treatment outcomes in PIOD.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 43 patients with PIOD treated between January 2018 and May 2019.
  • Analysis of outcomes based on oral or inhaled corticosteroid regimens of different durations and doses.

Main Results:

  • An overall treatment effective rate of 48.8% was observed.
  • No significant difference in therapeutic effect was found between different corticosteroid doses or forms.
  • The olfactory discrimination threshold at initial consultation was significantly correlated with treatment success (P = .022).

Conclusions:

  • Corticosteroid treatment regimens showed comparable efficacy for postinfectious olfactory dysfunction.
  • Initial olfactory discrimination threshold is a critical prognostic factor for recovery.