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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Immunity boosting nutraceuticals: Current trends and challenges.

Somnath Basak1, Jyoti Gokhale1

  • 1Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.

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Dietary nutrients and bioactive compounds in functional foods enhance immune function. This review explores nutraceuticals and functional foods as non-pharmacological interventions to boost immunity and prevent diseases, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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PUFAsSARS-CoV-2antiviralbeta-glucansimmunomodulationphytochemicals

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Immunology
  • Food Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Dietary intake significantly influences human immune function.
  • Functional foods offer benefits beyond basic nutrition, incorporating bioactive ingredients.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for effective immunity-boosting strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review non-pharmacological interventions using nutraceuticals and functional foods for immune support.
  • To explore the immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties of food bioactive compounds.
  • To discuss the potential of nutraceuticals in preventing diseases, including COVID-19-related inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific studies on functional foods and nutraceuticals.
  • Analysis of research on bioactive ingredients like probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phytoconstituents.
  • Discussion of mechanisms underlying immune modulation and disease prevention.

Main Results:

  • Functional foods and nutraceuticals possess diverse bioactive compounds with immunomodulatory effects.
  • These compounds exhibit antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties beneficial for health.
  • Nutraceuticals show potential in inhibiting inflammatory processes, such as cytokine storms in COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • Functional foods and nutraceuticals represent a promising avenue for enhancing immunity and disease prevention.
  • Translating research findings into marketable nutraceutical products requires addressing challenges like awareness and clinical trials.
  • Further research and development are encouraged to create effective functional foods for immune health.