Biomarkers in Unstable Carotid Plaque: Physiopathology and Prediction
Antonio Siniscalchi1, Sean Murphy2, Cleona Gray3
1Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy.
Aims:
To study the role of cytokines and vascular inflammatory biomarkers in unstable carotid plaque.
Background:
Clinical studies showed that not only the degree of stenosis but also the type of carotid plaque can be responsible for ipsilateral ischemic stroke.
Objective:
The objective of this study is to suggest a role for vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic disease in the occurrence of ischemic stroke.
Methods:
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and reference lists have been used to evaluate articles published until February 15, 2021.
Results:
Several factors may be involved in unstable plaque. Clinical studies support the involvement of brain inflammatory biomarkers as well as cytokines in the unstable carotid plaque.
Conclusions:
Biomarkers could help to stratify patients with a vulnerable carotid plaque and to personalize the drug treatment. In this review, we briefly discuss the characteristics of vulnerable plaque and the role of biomarkers in the vulnerable carotid plaque.
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