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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols01:21

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

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Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.8K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
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Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Single-atom catalyst for high-performance methanol oxidation.

Zhiqi Zhang1, Jiapeng Liu1, Jian Wang2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.

Nature Communications
|September 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atomically dispersed platinum on ruthenium oxide (Pt₁/RuO₂) shows significantly enhanced activity and stability for electrochemical methanol oxidation in alkaline media. This novel catalyst outperforms commercial platinum on carbon, offering a promising advancement in alcohol electrocatalysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Single-atom catalysts are crucial for electrocatalysis but underexplored for alcohol oxidation.
  • Developing efficient and stable catalysts for electrochemical alcohol oxidation is essential for energy applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate atomically dispersed platinum on ruthenium oxide (Pt₁/RuO₂) for electrochemical methanol oxidation.
  • To investigate the catalytic activity, stability, and mechanism of Pt₁/RuO₂.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Pt₁/RuO₂ via impregnation-adsorption.
  • Electrochemical testing of methanol oxidation in alkaline media.
  • Ab initio simulations to elucidate reaction mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Pt₁/RuO₂ exhibits a mass activity 15.3 times higher than commercial Pt/C for methanol oxidation.
  • Single-atom platinum on carbon black shows inert behavior.
  • Pt₁/RuO₂ demonstrates excellent CO poisoning tolerance and catalytic stability.
  • Computational and experimental data reveal the role of Pt-O-Ru bonds in facilitating methanol dehydrogenation.

Conclusions:

  • Atomically dispersed Pt on RuO₂ is a highly effective catalyst for alkaline methanol oxidation.
  • The unique Pt-O-Ru bonding structure is key to the enhanced performance and stability.
  • This work opens new avenues for designing advanced single-atom catalysts for alcohol electrooxidation.