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Modernizing Medical Museums Through the 3D Digitization of Pathological Specimens.

Kristen E Pearlstein¹, Terrie Simmons-Ehrhardt², Brian F Spatola³

¹National Museum of Health and Medicine, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD, USA. kristen.e.pearlstein.civ@mail.mil.

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|September 3, 2021

Summary

The National Museum of Health and Medicine is digitizing skeletal specimens to improve access for researchers. This creates a valuable digital resource for paleopathology and forensic anthropology education.

Keywords:

3D modeling 3D scanning Digitization Medical museum Micro-computed tomography Pathology

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Area of Science:

Medical history
Anthropology
Digital humanities

Background:

The National Museum of Health and Medicine (NMHM) houses extensive skeletal collections dating back to the American Civil War.
These collections comprise over 6400 gross skeletal specimens, primarily pathological or anomalous bone elements.
Specimens exhibit diverse conditions including congenital anomalies, neoplasms, trauma, infections, and surgical interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To increase accessibility to pathological skeletal specimens.
To create a digital repository of high-quality 3D models for global scholarly and educational use.
To support institutions lacking physical reference collections for paleopathology and forensic anthropology.

Main Methods:

Collaboration between NMHM, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
Digitization of pathological skeletal specimens using multimodal 3D capture techniques.
Dissemination of 3D models via online portals for remote access and analysis.

Main Results:

Development of a digital repository enabling manipulation, analysis, and 3D printing of skeletal specimens.
Enhanced accessibility for scholars and educators worldwide.
Improved historical knowledge and diagnostic capabilities in medicine and anthropology.

Conclusions:

Digitization of pathological skeletal specimens significantly enhances global access to unique medical and anthropological resources.
The digital repository serves as an unprecedented teaching and research tool, particularly for paleopathology and forensic anthropology.
Sharing these military medical assets fosters advancements in historical understanding and diagnostic practices.