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A landscape-scale framework to identify refugia from multiple stressors.

Isabel M Rojas1, Megan K Jennings1,2, Erin Conlisk1,3

  • 1Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.

Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology
|September 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Conservation planning must consider multiple stressors, not just climate. Identifying "super-refugia" sites, areas with low exposure to climate and human impacts, is crucial for protecting biodiversity and informing protected area expansion.

Keywords:
Southern Californiaamenazasbiodiversidadbiodiversitycambio climáticocambio globalclimate changegestión y planificación estratégicaglobal changelandscapespaisajesstrategic planning and managementsur de Californiathreats全球变化南加州威胁战略规划和管理景观气候变化生物多样性

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Climate refugia are critical for species persistence, but other anthropogenic stressors like altered fire and hydrology regimes also threaten habitats.
  • Conservation efforts focused solely on climate may be undermined by unaddressed human-induced habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation.
  • Advances in quantifying refugial capacity across multiple stressors are vital for effective conservation planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel conceptual framework, the domains of refugia, for assessing conservation refugial capacity by identifying areas with low exposure to multiple anthropogenic stressors.
  • To apply this framework to a Southern California landscape to identify and evaluate potential super-refugia sites.
  • To inform conservation strategies and protected area network expansion by highlighting underrepresented refugial areas.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the domains of refugia conceptual approach, integrating environmental variability, resilience thresholds, and stressor extent/intensity.
  • Applied the framework to a Southern California landscape, assessing exposure to stressors including extreme temperatures, fire, altered hydrology, and recreational trails.
  • Quantified differences in stressor exposure between identified super-refugia sites and the surrounding landscape.

Main Results:

  • Identified super-refugia sites characterized by significantly lower exposure to extremely warm summers (30% less), fire events (20% less), altered river channels/riparian areas (10% less), and recreational trails (50% less).
  • Approximately 8200 km² of potential super-refugia sites were identified for certain natural communities within the study area.
  • These identified super-refugia sites are currently underrepresented in the existing protected area network.

Conclusions:

  • The domains of refugia framework provides a robust method for assessing conservation potential across multiple anthropogenic stressors.
  • Integrating multiple stressors into refugia identification is essential for comprehensive biodiversity conservation planning.
  • Findings underscore the need to expand protected areas to encompass identified super-refugia sites to enhance long-term biodiversity persistence.